What is the basic difference between the passé composé and the imparfait?
Imparfait: descriptions, situations, actions that were in progress and habits. Passé composé: what happened (a completed action or event). Il faisait beau. Nous sommes allés à la plage. (The weather was nice. We went to the beach.)
Which tense do you use for an action in progress and for the action that interrupts it?
Action in progress: imparfait. Interrupting action: passé composé. Je regardais la télé quand Paul est arrivé. (I was watching TV when Paul arrived.)
How do you tell a habit from a single event in the past?
Repeated habit: imparfait. One specific time: passé composé. Le samedi, je jouais au foot. (On Saturdays, I used to play football.)
Which time words usually go with each tense?
Imparfait: d'habitude (usually), souvent (often), tous les jours (every day), le lundi (on Mondays), quand j'étais petit (when I was little). Passé composé: hier (yesterday), un jour (one day), samedi dernier (last Saturday), une fois (once), tout à coup (suddenly). These words are clues, not strict rules: the meaning of the sentence decides. Souvent, je lisais le soir. Hier, j'ai lu jusqu'à minuit. (I often used to read in the evening. Yesterday, I read until midnight.)
Which tense often goes with « pendant » + a length of time?
The passé composé, when the period is over and presented as a complete whole. L'année dernière, j'ai étudié l'espagnol pendant six mois. (Last year, I studied Spanish for six months.)
How do you tell a short story in the past?
Set the scene with the imparfait, then give the events in order with the passé composé. Il était tard et les rues étaient vides. Je suis rentré à pied. (It was late and the streets were empty. I walked home.)
Common mistakes
The background goes in the imparfait, the event in the passé composé: « Je dormais quand le téléphone a sonné ».
A habit takes the imparfait (« tous les jours »), a single event the passé composé (« un jour »).
A finished length of time takes the passé composé: « J'ai habité à Lyon pendant deux ans ».