What are the possessive forms for “my”, “your” (informal) and “his / her”?
mon / ton / son (masculine), ma / ta / sa (feminine), mes / tes / ses (plural) mon frère, ta sœur, ses parents (my brother, your sister, his / her parents)
Does the possessive agree with the owner or with the thing owned?
With the thing owned: son, sa and ses mean both “his” and “her”. Paul : sa voiture. Marie : son vélo. (Paul: his car. Marie: her bike.)
What do « ma, ta, sa » become before a feminine noun beginning with a vowel or silent h?
mon, ton, son. The noun remains feminine. mon amie, son école, ton histoire (my friend, his / her school, your story)
What are the possessive forms for “our”, “your” (formal or plural) and “their”?
notre / nos, votre / vos, leur / leurs Use « leur » for one thing owned and « leurs » for several things owned. notre maison, vos amis, leur maison, leurs enfants (our house, your friends, their house, their children)
What are the French demonstrative adjectives (“this / that / these / those”)?
ce (masculine), cet (masculine before a vowel or silent h), cette (feminine), ces (plural) ce livre, cet hôtel, cette table, ces livres (this book, this hotel, this table, these books)
Common mistakes
The possessive agrees with the thing owned, not the owner: « sa mère » can mean his mother or her mother.
Before a vowel, use « mon » even with a feminine noun: « mon amie », not « ma amie ».
« Ce » becomes « cet » before a masculine noun starting with a vowel or a silent h: « cet ami », « cet hôtel ».